NT-108

Color Bars

Program Intro start Crisis 1969

Wall graffiti art Muhamad Ali Casius Clay

CU young black African American woman in cat eye glasses.

William Graeves Host show "Jambo" greeting monologue from inside a building overlooking a busy NYC street -
"Jambo Good evening, brothers and sisters. I'm William Greaves with Blue House welcoming you to another edition of black Journal. Well, tonight we're going to look at 1969 President Nixon is now occupying the White House, the white house that has brought so much prosperity to white America. Almost 200 years, the black man has looked to the White House with hope that the incoming presidents would represent all Americans. A few days ago President Nixon took office, he got there without our help. According to present statistics, only 10% of the black vote was cast for Nixon. One of the reasons may be due to the fact that many of us have lost faith in existing American politics. To the black man, American democracy has often been dangerously close to fascism. Over the past few 100 years, many of us have seen too many of our leaders jailed and killed. Most of us didn't vote for Nixon simply because well, we didn't dig him. As it stands today, three negros have accepted positions with the Nixon administration. Now these positions are cabinet rank. It has been reported and admitted by the Nixon administration that many black politicians have been offered positions In the Nixon administration, including Senator Brooke of Massachusetts, even those men politically oriented toward the White House have declined to serve the new president. One of President Nixon's major campaign promises that played a large part in his election was his pledge to bring law and order to America, obviously appealing to the frightened middle class, a category to which few blacks belong. Although black America has not been talking to Mr. Nixon, we've been talking about him because he represents America and will influence a great deal of what is going to happen in this country in the next four years. Tonight, black journal will explore some of the reactions of Afro Americans across the country to President Nixon. We'll also be discussing community control, black economics, and our evolving political consciousness."

Still shot of Channing Phillips - 1st African American to be placed in nomination for President.

Eldridge Cleaver speaks at podium announces he is running for President as leader of the Peace and Freedom Party

Hubert Humphrey at political rally podium "We do not want a police state but we need a state of law and order"

Demortatic Governor of Alabama George Wallace speaks of staunch law and order rhetoric.

President Nixon speaking at a podium with blue curtain background - Our founders recognized that the first requisite of progress is order. Now there is no quarrel between progress and order, because neither can exist without the other. So let us have order in America, not the order that suppresses dissent and discourages change. But the order which guarantees the right to dissent, and provides the basis for peaceful change. Time is running out for the merchants of crime and corruption in American society. The wave of crime is not going to be the wave of the future in the United States of America.

WS of Nixon at podium with Presidential seal. Nixon pounds fist on podium. Law and order speech.

Close up of Reverend Albert Cleague (Detriot Michigan) speaking from a church pew -
There wasn't much difference, really, between Wallace Nixon and Humphrey slight differences of degree but essentially all of them work, we're catering to what they felt was a new feeling of anti black in the community. So I don't think Nixon is going to do a whole lot that Humphrey wouldn't have done.

**NAME** Close up talking about laws, force and police power under Nixon's presidency. "I'm a little disappointed that Nixon did get elected..."

Julien Mayfield - we are now not playing anymore, there is no time left to play, and that we are probably in for several years of a great repression from the new powers that be not that they are so different from the others, but there will not be I hesitate to repeat what, but I don't expect there to be a lot of guilt, money and conscience money around. I believe that the whites in the United States are getting themselves together. And that we'd better do the same.

Video Glitch - Unusable

Wide Shot of Nixon speaking from a podium with a crowded audience - They don't want to be a colony in a nation. They want the pride and the self respect and the dignity that can only come out they have an equal chance to own their own homes, to own their own businesses to be managers and executives, as well as workers to have a piece of the action and the exciting ventures of private enterprise.

Voice over while a group of African American chant in support of Charles Evers.

Close up of young black male interview of
"And I think Nixon will do good things for black people not because he wanted to because black people will put so much pressure onto him until you have no other choice."

close up of white middle aged white male holding a Wallace sign.

Close up of Charles Evers, civil rights activist being interviewed by the news ABC

Pan through desolate fields. Sign for Sidney Logan, treasurer of the Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO) and then its candidate for sheriff in 1966.

Kathleen Cleaver, Black Panther Party - Beautiful light skinned, well-spoken black woman with large afro - we use the ballot along with all the other things that are available to the arsenal of black people. And we use the ballot specifically for one purpose, and that was to educate people to the real nature of their problems, and to give the people who wanted to vote and opportunity to vote for the Black Panthers. But I think I know in snick, it was recognized as an educational process, process of development of raising the political consciousness of people to the point that they can see that voting is not to a solution. It's not a solution. Black people voted and put a black mayor in Cleveland. Now, what's the situation and how, what's the difference? That's not the solution, the solution is very massive changes. And you do not get massive changes by the simple process of voting. Because you do not control the electoral process, we wish to offer

WS of crowded political rally with Wisconsin sign. Voice over announces nomination of Julian Bond. Camera zooms in to Julian Bond who is speaking from the crowd into multiple new microphones.

Charles Hamilton, political scientist - We found what the presidential campaign situation that there is a limit. And I speak to you as a political scientist, there is a limit. And to the extent that black people can use the electoral process to effect change, that unless we do a mass, our power as the calculator hacha says, get ourselves together. We cannot expect anything from the electoral system.

Ron Miller close up interview with a relaxed feel Revolution Eldridge Cleaver on front page of new paper in background - Well, I think they began to take that first, you know, like step toward organizing their own thing. And everything done inside the system now is like experimental. Julian Bond is one of the last braid experiments, you know, if he wins, you know, if he can achieve what they see if he can work out a blackness within all that whiteness, then it might hold things back a little bit in terms of really coming together. Black people,

Round chair discussion on all white set
Reverend Andrew Young, Southern Christian Leadership Conference - So I think that if we learn that we can depend on big daddy in Washington, and begin to get together, I think that 1969 could be the beginning of a new unity of a new power of a new cooperation across the Society of Black people and poor people and people of goodwill.

Robert Johnson, Jet Magazine - I have to be perfectly honest with you, I can't see, you know, that Silver Line in the cloud, I want to struggle in that direction. But I say my concern is who's going to interpret this law and who's going to enforce it Alexander Allen, Urban League - it is possible, I believe, for people who have convictions to move this country in the direction of some new opportunities and begin to relieve some of these critical problems.

Still image of Adam Clayton Powell, House of Representatives.

Still shot close up of Black Panther Bobby Seale surrounded by a group of young black supporters.

close up of Roy Innis with voice over

black and white people attend a rally outside of a brick building where a paddy wagon is parked outside.

shot of 1960's police car pulling away from a crowd driving down a New York City street.

group of young African American school students sitting a round a table doing school work

line of white police officers monitor a rally or protest.

a group of black students walking out of a city school building. Camera pans out to show police wooden barricades.

black and white middle aged people in business attire walking, many smoking, along a crowded city street.

rally or protest along a busy city street. tall buildings and city bus in background.

**NAME**

Community control is a is a very big issue. But it depends on whose community is controlling what you see the thing that we've been faced with, and we certainly have community control on our systems today. But it depends on whose community and doing the controlling

close up of young male black student reading a book at his desk. Pan out to a classroom of young black male and female students sitting at their desks.

Charles Hamilton
And then we also found in the Brooklyn school situation, that as we do get ourselves together, we are going to come up against some very strong traditionally entrenched forces like the union's and we're just gonna have to be prepared on a organized basis to deal with those kinds of forces.

Benjamin Scott close up interview with a red white and blue striped curtain behind him - Well, it's clear to me that the problems that the various groups have had around the country in various cities, is due to the fact that the way community control has been achieved in its limited fashion has been on the basis of a privilege granted to the people by powerful and sensitive people, let's say and the concept of community control as a right. an inherent right, has not been clearly established. And I think until it is established that this is a right And not a privilege. And this is not an experiment. But the people exercising their rights. Until that is clear, clearly stated by the courts and sanctioned by the same, then it's not going to be successful, you can't continue to hold school behind the barricades.

white police officer with helmet and billy club holds hand cuffed black college student by the sweater

dirty bloodied overweight tired black man in hand cuffs being escorted by two white officers

Carlton Goodlett, civil rights leader - And what we're going to do, we're going to hold the fort, we're going to go to jail if necessary, until the solid white minority, you know, who are against black folks who loved black folks, but who never do anything but sit on their rear end. And they're never prepared to make any real contribution is man age or struggle against tyranny. So we're going to hold the fort until the silent in mobile faculty at San Francisco State College is recognizing that these young militants are attempting to save the soul of a great institution.

close up pan out of Howard University entry gates

voice over while older black well dressed man in fedora and glasses speaks to group of black men outside of a college building while waving his hand as he speaks to Howard University students.

Le Roi Jones voice over scenes of male and female black students outside of Howard University - A lot of times you find on the Negro College campuses, that the students are being held down harder than they were on these predominantly white campuses, because they're usually able to get a strong sense of collective effort, when they're isolated on the white campuses, and they move stronger, whereas on the Negro campuses, and I went to Howard, the administration and so Thomas, you know that they go out of their way, like at Howard, you know, we're neighbors, we once looked up to go out of their way to suppress, you know, so that you'll see we can appear on white campuses for a Black Student Union, actually, more quickly than we can appear at a, you know, at a Negro College, you know, for our own people. I mean, it's, it took more, I think, effort to get us at Shaw and Howard. In fact, I went to Howard one time, and they wouldn't even let me speak in the, in the auditorium, we finally had to go out on the campus and speak in front of the school of religion because they closed all the doors, you know, and they're so the Negros, a lot of times, they're so paranoid that the white people are going to get them or something, you know what I mean? That they're worse, actually, the Negro administrators turn on a lot of times to be, you know, worse than an administrator.

Albert Cleague - I think the student movement has to be looked at very closely by black adults to know what direction we are going to go in because the students are going to move, because if I'm not mistaken, that is the basis and nucleus of a very strong group that is moving in this country right now the Black Panthers.

Kathleen Cleaver - As a matter of fact, the founder of the Black Panther Party, Huey Newton, started as a college student at married campus moving to get Afro American history on the curriculum of that college at this point now in 1968, Merritt College has a Black Studies program and you can get a degree in that this is where he began actively in his black nationalist activities on the coast. But in terms of the Black Student Movement, you have to go much further than that back to 1960. in Greenville, North Carolina, where the Spurs sit in began, and this is the beginning of the whole overt protest movement in this country. It began with black students. The Black Panther Party announced counties, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, black students, the Black Panther Party, Bobby Seale, and Huey Newton, black students in wherever you look, the real impetus of change has come out of the youth who were in school and who and the position to sit back and analyze some of the things are going on, and we're willing to take action. What's so significant now is it's not the college students only that are moving, but it's all the way down to junior high and even elementary schools they're all moving.

Still shot of Roy Campanella elected to baseball's hall of fame.

Still shot of Lew Alcindor dunking a basketball in a UCLA 33 jersey.

Lou House reports in front of an African American mural - President Nixon has proposed several plans which he claims will assist the afro American to get a piece of the action. And one of these plans is to give tax incentive to white industrialists for training the so called hardcore unemployed. That's us on the IBM cards in those low income areas. You know, it's quite obvious that the white man will profit from this venture. Now, what remains to be seen is whether we will another one of the plans is the president calls it black capitalism. They call it that it's become part of a large portion of our discussions in the black community, black capitalism brothers and sisters, but I think we're talking about our own schemes, and we're talking from a different viewpoint to get our thing together.

Young black bank teller in red business attire counts cash at a bank teller desk.

shot of the outside of a shop window with Buy Black sign posted in it promoting black capitalism.

traditional African clothing and quilts hand from a clothes line blowing in the wind in an outside field.

Older black man in white work shirt enters a barber shop.

shadow like shot of a black window washer.

Huey Newton, Black Panther Leader.
This aggression in the economical area is as real as aggression physically by the racist police that occupied community is a foreign troop occupied occupied territory.

Andrew Young
But you know, throw you know, I mean, black capitalism scares me to death. So you because all I see is black pawns stepping on top of poor people, rather than the, the, the Jews who dominate the ghetto, or the Syrians who dominate, you know, the other minority groups, there's just a shift of power at the base. I think what this country needs, and frankly, I came thinking revolutionary terms, because I can think of them but when I think in, because I got better sense than the see that I just don't see any possibility of revolution right at this moment. And so I'd rather quit talking about revolution and talk about what is possible. And what is possible is to take something like black capitalism, and if people know what they're doing, build a base for economic control of their neighborhoods, so that they can affect the the police power, they can affect basic decisions, you get get best way to get rid of the police problem is the way we did in Selma. We got him out of office. And all the way you did in Tuskegee, you put a black sheriff in.

Jim Brown
We'll say this is the mistake of a lot of people. We already have a lot of money within black communities. And the disappointing thing is that black people never utilize the money and power that they already have. And what I would say is that if we can utilize what we already have, because we're great buyers, we like high quality things over utilize this power, then we can develop it into more power.

Lessie Jackson -
In 1955. We were behind curtains in some southern cities. So just to have the privilege to sit middle ways the buses progress. Then we got to the front of the bus. The next question was driving the bus. The next one was being an executive at the bus company. And now the question, which is the Black Power question, that's why we've not had since we have the most customers, can we all on the bus company?

Fannie Lou Hamer. American voter and women's rights activist. Older African American close up in messy bedroom.

What we are trying to do in sunflower county is to try to start some kind of self help project. We have so far about 50 female pigs and these Pigs are going out to 50 families. And as these female fine litters of pigs, the families will give back to pigs to the pig bank. And then it will keep going up until people be able to have enough meat because you know, kids suffering this counting for malnutrition. I'm 51 years old, and adopted New York told me a couple of weeks ago, that I got such a shortage, I have to now have four oranges a day, and I have to eat raisins, I don't have iron, I don't have vitamins, and all this kind of stuff, I think it's a shame. And until we can gain some economic power alone with the political power, it's just gonna get worse.

William Harrison close up interview in front of brick building.

Southwest Alabama farmers Co Op is one of the mini program, and probably the only one of the mini program in the south that is completely supervised or controlled by black.

camera pans through a cotton field as well dressed older african american women harvest crop

William Harrison -
Our feeling is that it is the only way that the co op could succeed and be a successful business venture, that it has to be controlled by blacks, because the whites will manipulate the system to the extent that it makes it ineffective. This too, has been one of the reason why we've had many problems from local person, local whites.

Julian Mayfield - There are people running around talking about building a black automobile industry, when there is no such thing in Latin America to the best of my knowledge, with the possible exception of Argentina, where they assemble cars. And you have to ask yourself, they are separated from the United States, they own currencies. There are flags all over Africa, their own currency, their own flag, their own geographical territory, and even now, over a lot of Africa have control of their own political structure. And yet, they are still dependent upon the United States or its client states. So when you talk about setting up your own competitive economics against the dominant economic system, it seems to me that this is truly the world of fantasy. What must happen, I think, is that there must be an overthrow.

Julian Mayfield
I think the I've said it before on the program. So I'll just repeat myself. I think we're in for a period of repression. I think that white America, which Mr. Moore seems to think I overestimated power, but I've lived under the during my years as he and I have a respect for the amount of power he has. white America is not going to tolerate. But so much black America is in a fighting mood also. And that there is going to be more and more confrontation. And that it is the wise thing for the black man to prepare for it in every way possible. So that he does not wake up one morning, find his community entirely surrounded, and he is without weapons to fight his way out of it.

Dan Watts, Liberator Magazine
I think for 1969, I think it's going to be the year for us to put up or shut up. I think it's probably another way of saying what Julian has just said, I think that the white power structure which has financed our cultural revolution, in terms of you know, is underwritten just about every aspect of of our cultural revolution. I think they're going to says all right now you've had your you've you've had your cultural revolution, this is it now shut up. And at this particular junction, I think this is where we are really going to be pressed to either put up or shut up. And as I said, this gets him to evolve in programs. And certainly self defense is certainly part of it.

***Video Glitch - Partially unusable***

Claude Brown, Author
I think we've had quite a year, to put it mildly. And I think one of the most significant events of the year that we've overlooked here and our list of of meaningful topics to discuss this evening. occurred in Cleveland during the summer. See, now this said something to all of white and black America something that Stokely Carmichael couldn't say that the Black Panthers couldn't say that rap brown couldn't say and that Claude brown couldn't say and that Dan watts couldn't say, and on the other notables who are constantly in the public's eye via television. See, these guys can always be gotten to, but to suddenly have an unknown Group, a group who hasn't been heard on nationwide TV or radio, jump up and say, okay, fellows, it's time let's go to war with the police. And I think what this said to white America, is that, look, we've heard all that rhetoric. And we've heard all the militancy and all the threats coming from that purportedly enraged black community. But like we've seen something this year. And what we've seen, we don't want to see this anymore. And something's gonna have to be done about those black folks. And I think they're getting ready to do it. And the only way there'll be any black people around here who did open their mouths, at the end of 69. They'd better get ready to protect them, whatever they've got to say. I think the crowd was Cleveland staff.

Richard Moore
I think the Kerner report has recognized the situation developing in America in a way that has not been recognized before, namely, that the nation is splitting up into two opposing camps. The so called hike camp and the so called back camp Now certainly Certainly, this is a process, which will continue in 1969. You have a minute. Yeah, so the only question, the only question is, will Afro Americans simply simply yield the the the, the struggle for their survival? Which I don't think they will. And as a result, there will be self defense on the part of Afro Americans. Nobody can actually condemn people who defend themselves. And on this basis, we have to be prepared to defend ourselves. But at the same time, we must keep in mind that the best defense is not only the mobilisation of our own force, but of all other forces of all the forces around us.

Lou House closes out the show
Thank you gentlemen, very much. Well, brothers and sisters, that set for blank journal tonight. I'm Lou house with William graves. We'll be back with you on Monday, February 24. One gay Sergei.